gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus.

Malabsorption develops in persons who have been treated for diarrhoea but still have poor digestion; as well as in those with poor digestion who indulge in unsuitable foods and activities. Due to provoked dosha, the grahani becomes affected and impairs agni functions. It is characterized by undigested food matter within stools/faeces with ama/unformed stools (vimuncati ama-mala-pravrttil:i/bhuktamamaril vimurilcation); expulsion of digested food; painful defecation; faeces with foul odour; formed stools interspersed with loose stools; faeces mixed with ama; faeces mixed with food; faeces mixed with undigested food; sudden well-formed hard stools; sudden onset of loose stools; longstanding pedal oedema; oedema on hands; emaciated/thin/malnourished person; pain in small joints; greediness; thirst; vomiting; fever; loss of taste; burning sensation; acidic eructation; bitter belchings/ eructations; sour belching/eructation; eructation with metallic smell; eructation with smoky smell; eructation with smell of raw meat; excessive salivation; dysgeusia/tastelessness; black-outs and loss of taste.

Abdominal pain (colicky or persistent). Loss of appetite or abnormal craving for food, Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea or constipation, Itching around the anus (especially at night, typical of pinworms). Paleness, fatigue, and weakness due to anemia. Swelling or bloating of the abdomen. Foul smell from mouth or body. Skin eruptions, itching, or rashes in some cases. Restlessness, irritability, disturbed sleep (especially in children).

Persistent fever (low to moderate grade, continuing for weeks or months). Weakness and fatigue. Loss of appetite (Āruci). Indigestion and poor digestive fire (Agni Mandya). Emaciation (Kṣaya) and weight loss. Dryness of mouth and throat. Body ache and heaviness. Mental debility – sadness, irritability, or lack of enthusiasm. Disturbed sleep. Recurrence of fever episodes even after temporary relief.